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Water Purification
Lesson 2:
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Purpose:

The learners experiment with a natural water filtration process. They review the water cycle and come to an understanding about the need to sustain the quality of the world's water for the common good. 

Duration:

One 45-Minute Session

Objectives:

The learners will:

  • define environmental stewardship as the careful and responsible management of our environment.
  • identify the stages of the water treatment process.
  • review the water cycle.
  • determine the need to sustain the quality of the world's water. 

Vocabulary:

  • environmental stewardship: the careful and responsible management of our environment.
  • sustainability: a method of using resources so they are not damaged permanently (preserved for future generations)

Materials:

  • Large strainer
  • Coffee filter
  • 1/2 inch layer of sand
  • Inch of top soil
  • A cup to hold dirty water

Instructional Procedure(s):

Anticipatory Set

 Ask for a few student volunteers to read their reflection paragraph responding to a quotation of their choice.

  • Set up the following as a demonstration or provide enough supplies for youth to do it as an experiment. Line a medium-size strainer with a coffee filter. Add a 1/2 inch layer of sand and an inch of top soil. Put the strainer over a clear jar. Tell the students that this demonstration represents the natural water treatment process. This is how nature treats storm water flowing over a natural area with healthy drainage. Stir 2 tablespoons of dirt into a cup of water, then pour the dirty water through the sand and soil in the filter. Ask the students to observe the water in the bottom of the container and the condition of the sand and soil.
  • How does the water look different after it goes through the ground filter?
  • What other kinds of dirt or waste do you think this filter system will clean up? Try some of their proposals, if possible.
  • Ask: What kinds of pollution do you think might not be filtered out by this natural process? Would you drink the water if it was polluted with chemicals, detergents and fertilizers? (The sand and soil might not be able to clean the water.)
  • Remind the students that the Earth is a closed system—no water is ever added to the system over time, and we share the water with everyone in the world. For that reason, we need to be responsible with the water we use.
    Hold up the glass of filtered water. Tell the students that the H2O molecules of water in this glass may have fallen on the heads of dinosaurs, washed the hands of Civil War soldiers, satisfied the thirst of Olympic athletes or flowed down the Amazon River along with the crocodiles. Ask: How can that be? Allow students to conjecture, then remind them of the water cycle: precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, condensation, precipitation. Show the diagram at http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclehi.html if internet access is available.
  • Summarize for the students that polluted water affects us all now and in the future because water is a common resource we share with all people and animals. What we do locally ends up in the global water system. Water is never created; it is recycled and shared repeatedly.  Water is a common resource and its quality must be sustained for teh common good.

Youth Voice:

When youth offer their opinions and suggestions to the service projects they are using their voice; an instrumental part of service-learning. Encourage youth to take personal action and be advocates for responsible use of the Earth’s water resources. Allow them to choose the service project based on their interests.

Cross-Curriculum Extensions:

 

Math: Have youth keep track of the amount of water they use in a day. They can then graph and compare their quantities with others.
Science: Have youth research the quality of the local water and report on a comparison of the local water with the water quality of other states/countries.
Read and discuss the following about sewage treatment in developing countries. Is clean water a human right? The following text is from Wikipedia under Sewage Treatment in Developing Countries: “Few reliable figures on the share of the wastewater collected in sewers that is being treated in the world exist. In many developing countries the bulk of domestic and industrial wastewater is discharged without any treatment or after primary treatment only. In Latin America about 15% of collected wastewater passes through treatment plants (with varying levels of actual treatment). In Venezuela, a below average country in South America with respect to wastewater treatment, 97 percent of the country’s sewage is discharged raw into the environment. In a relatively developed Middle Eastern country such as Iran, Tehran’s majority of population has totally untreated sewage injected to the city’s groundwater. In Israel, about 50 percent of agricultural water usage (total use was 1 billion cubic meters in 2008) is provided through reclaimed sewer water. Future plans call for increased use of treated sewer water as well as more desalination plants. Most of sub-Saharan Africa is without wastewater treatment.”
Language: Play Jeopardy or other quiz games with these fun water facts:http://water.epa.gov/ learn/kids/drinkingwater/water_trivia_facts.cfm

Reflection: (click to view)

Handouts:

Philanthropy Framework:

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Unit Contents:

Overview:Environment: Sustaining Our World (6-8) Summary

Lessons:

1.
Dirty Water
2.
Water Purification
3.
Who Is Responsible for Clean Water?

All rights reserved. Permission is granted to freely use this information for nonprofit (noncommercial), educational purposes only. Copyright must be acknowledged on all copies.

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