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These Learning Links provide ten quick-and-easy, five-minute mini-lessons to promote student thought and dialogue about service and civic engagement. You may use as many of them as you wish, and in whatever order best meets your needs and the interest of your students. The purpose of these mini-lessons is to provide a deeper understanding of philanthropy (the giving of time, talent, and treasure for the common good) and to reinforce the lesson focus. These Learning Links also promote the development of character traits, civic engagement, and student leadership. As appropriate to your grade level, it is recommended that students play an active leadership role in presenting these mini-lessons to their classmates.
1. Read: In 1852, Victor Hugo wrote, “An invasion of armies can be resisted, but not an idea whose time has come.” He was writing about the French Revolution. The monarchy in France was too powerful, and unjust laws and practices restricted the rights of French citizens. The time for change had come. With the American Revolution as a model, the people of France persisted to challenge the government and eventually won out over the government armies that tried to hold them back. Hugo’s words have been used in many contexts since the French Revolution—in the US Civil Rights Movement, in the Israeli-Arab conflict, and others.
Discuss: What ideas can you think of whose time has come? What change must take place today that you cannot ignore related to school, community, government, or the environment? In what ways might giving service for Martin Luther King, Jr. Day be an idea whose time has come?
2. Read: In July of 2009, African American Harvard University professor Henry Louis Gates was arrested on his front porch for disorderly conduct. After the incident, newspapers around the world reported the incident, and even the president of the US commented on the injustice of the action. But media coverage showed different reactions about whether there was injustice involved. Here are the details of the incident: Mr. Gates came home after dark from a trip to China. His door was jammed, and he asked his driver to help him open the door. The neighbor saw this and called the police, saying that two black men were breaking into her neighbor’s house. Soon Officer Crowley arrived. By then Mr. Gates was in the house. When Mr. Crowley asked for confirmation that Mr. Gates was the homeowner, Mr. Gates became angry. He yelled that this is what happens to black men in America. Mr. Gates continued to yell about being treated unfairly until he was handcuffed and arrested for disorderly conduct. Five days later, all charges were dropped.
Discuss: Was Mr. Gates treated unfairly because he was a black man? Was Mr. Crowley unfairly called racist? What could have changed in the incident to avoid the series of events of that evening? What injustice do you think occurred that evening in 2009?
The public debate about the Gates/Crowley incident discussed whether it was an example of racial profiling. Racial profiling is using information about someone’s race to determine whether he or she is likely to commit a crime. Should racial profiling be illegal, or is it necessary to help find criminals? Is racial profiling unfair?
3. Read: Can you imagine working all day and not having time to go to school or do things with your friends? That is too much to expect of a fifteen-year-old. Ali lives in Jordan in a refuge camp. His father is ill and can’t work, so his family expects Ali to earn enough money so they can survive. Ali knows that some work is good, but he wishes he didn’t have to work eight hours a day at a restaurant, like an adult. He watches his friends play ball and go to school, and he thinks they will forget about him. He wishes he could go to school so he could learn to read and someday get a better job. It is not wrong for children to work and take responsibility, but it is wrong if the work is harmful to their health, if it keeps them from spending time with friends, or prevents them from going to school or doing their schoolwork. Child labor is an issue of justice that must be addressed in many countries. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) works for the rights of children worldwide. They advocate to stop children from working in the most dangerous jobs. They also work to improve laws and raise awareness about child labor issues. And they give money to poor families so their children don’t have to work so much.
Discuss: How do you think working so much impacts Ali’s life? Why isn’t it fair for children to work like adults? How do you think laws about child labor will help Ali and his family? What can we do to help children like Ali live the life of a child instead of an adult? Is child labor a civil rights issue?
4. Read: Here are some words about the power of loving your enemies by Martin Luther King, Jr. from his sermon on November 17, 1957. “Love has within it a redemptive power. …You just keep loving people and keep loving them, even though they're mistreating you. Here's the person who is a neighbor, and this person is doing something wrong to you and all of that. Just keep being friendly to that person. Keep loving them. Don't do anything to embarrass them. Just keep loving them, and they can't stand it too long. Oh, they react in many ways in the beginning. They react with bitterness because they're mad because you love them like that. They react with guilt feelings, and sometimes they'll hate you a little more at that transition period, but just keep loving them. And by the power of your love they will break down under the load. That's love, you see. … There's something about love that builds up and is creative. There is something about hate that tears down and is destructive. So love your enemies.”
Discuss: What methods did Martin Luther King, Jr. use to show love for the people who hated him and mistreated him? Why is it difficult to be kind to people who are unkind? What are some mean things you have observed people saying and doing in our school? How could you respond to make things better in the long term?
5. Read: Sarah Cronk and Sarah Herr, two high school cheerleaders living in Iowa, have formed a cheerleading squad for a special group of girls. The Spartan Sparkles cheerleading squad is made up of ten radiant girls who all have special needs, from autism to Down syndrome. The team practices with the two Sarahs twice a week, and then cheers at the game on the weekend. The girls have a website that encourages other schools across the country to start a “sparkle effect” cheerleading squad. They say, “Cheerleading can be easily adapted to varying skill levels, can include both boys and girls, and is centered on raising spirit. What better way to raise everyone’s spirits than to include children with special needs on the cheer team?”
Discuss: Kids with special needs want to fit in and be an active part of high school. What impact do you think the “sparkle effect” has on the girls who join the team? What impact does seeing the girls cheering at the game have on the other students? What could you do to include students with special needs in more school programs? Do you think including people with special needs is a civil rights issue?
6. Read: When Muhammad Ali, considered by many to be the best boxer in all of history, was new in his boxing career, he was known for his boastful off-the-cuff poems capped off by his famous claim, “I am the greatest!” As years past, Muhammad Ali, having grown a bit older and perhaps a bit wiser, when asked recently to provide his audience with yet another of his off-the-cuff poems, simply replied, “Me, We.”
Discuss: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is quoted as saying "One of life's most important questions is “What are you doing for others?” How is Mr. Ali’s most recent off-the-cuff claim an echo of Dr. King’s quote? What might cause someone like Mr. Ali to change his attitude about what is important? How is our service event an effort to do for others? How might we be able to encourage our classmates and friends to see how important there help will be?
7. Read: The following is a quote from Martin Luther King, Jr.: I look forward confidently to the day when all who work for a living will be one with no thought to their separateness as Negroes, Jews, Italians or any other distinctions. This will be the day when we bring into full realization the American dream -- a dream yet unfulfilled. A dream of equality of opportunity, of privilege and property widely distributed; a dream of a land where men will not take necessities from the many to give luxuries to the few; a dream of a land where men will not argue that the color of a man's skin determines the content of his character; a dream of a nation where all our gifts and resources are held not for ourselves alone, but as instruments of service for the rest of humanity; the dream of a country where every man will respect the dignity and worth of the human personality.
Discuss: In what ways might our planned service event contribute to the realization of Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream for a just and equitable world? How are we being instruments of service for the rest of humanity? What might respecting the dignity and worth of others look like?
8. Read: A peace symbol is a picture or object that has come to symbolize peace. Several different symbols have been used throughout history, of which the dove, olive branch, and the disarmament or peace symbol (a circle with a straight line cutting the circle into equal halves and piercing an upside down Y) are the most popular. The two-fingered “V” hand gesture initially symbolizing “victory” but later used by protestors of war to symbolize “peace and love”, also is well known as a symbol of peace. Peace is a sought after condition for life. To be someone who lives as a “peacemaker” is highly regarded in almost all religions of the world. The simplest definition of a peacemaker is someone who lives in such a way that he or she does not cause harm to anyone or anything. While we all know, that peace between nations, people or families, or even peace within ourselves is rare and often more difficult to obtain much less maintain, it is still worth the effort. In combination even small gestures of peace make for unbelievably profound differences. After all, every millionaire will tell you that it all started with one penny.
Discuss: Why do you think that peace is a such a highly sought after state of being in world religions? As we approach our Martin Luther King, Jr. Day event why is it important that if we cannot do something big, that we at least attempt something small? In what ways might our service event be seen as a way to become “peacemakers”?
9. Read: The building of large stone structures has always been a fascination with humankind. From the Egyptian pyramids to Stonehenge, from castles to skyscrapers humans have been all about building structures. The natives of Northern America were and are no different in this regard. But what does separate them from the rest is how non-intrusive their structures were.
Unlike the usual towering stone monoliths, the natives of North America simply laid down lots of stones on the Earth in certain patterned arrangements that resemble the wheel of a bicycle. These structures became known as medicine wheels. According to Native American spirituality, the Medicine Wheel represents harmony and connections. It is considered a major symbol of peaceful interaction among all living beings on Earth. It is conjectured that the phrase walking in another person’s moccasins originated out of the walking the path of the medicine wheel where it was taught that until you have walked in others' moccasins, or stood on their spokes of the wheel, you will never truly know their hearts.
Discuss: Why do you think that the Native American medicine wheels were built as they were and not like so many of humankind’s more intrusive structures? In what way might our service event be like walking the path of the medicine wheel? In what ways are we hoping to promote harmony and connections in what we have planned for our event?
10. Read: Perhaps we’ve all heard the often quoted saying, “Before we can truly understand another person, we must walk a mile in their moccasins.” But there is actually another sentence that is a part of this saying which is seldom quoted even though the original Native America texts from which this quote is taken records it. The full saying reads, “Before we can truly understand another person, we must walk a mile in their moccasins. Before we can walk in another person’s moccasins, we must first take off our own.”
Discuss: As we approach our service event, in what ways might our understanding of others be as important, if not more so, in the 21st Century as it was back in the earlier days of country’s history? During our service event, what are some of the things we are trying to do better to understand people and situations with which we are not familiar? Why do you think “taking off our own moccasins” before trying to “walk” in another’s is so important? In what ways might this be easy? Difficult?
Comments
This is a flat-out amazing unit. Thank you for sharing. I am so impressed with the integration of so many academic and affective lessons.