Written by Rob Kaufold
Definition
In response to growing criticism of private foundations and impending legislation that would inhibit the actions of these entities, John D. Rockefeller III initiated The Commission on Foundations and Private...
Written by David B. Boodt
Definition
The Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs – generally referred to as the “Filer Commission” after its chair John H. Filer - started in November 1973 and disbanded two years later (Anheier,...
Written by Angela White, Ph.D.
Description
The Tax Reform Act of 1969 (TRA69) was a significant federal tax overhaul for nonprofit organizations. The parts of TRA69 that relate to nonprofits sprang from a desire to hold them accountable for...
Written by Manal Issa
Definition
Sector failure refers to the “three-failure” theories: market failure, government failure and voluntary failure. It addresses the...
Written by Hannah Saeger
Definition
A community foundation is a not-for-...
Written by Matt Osborne
Definition
Originally published as a series of essays in the Independent Journal, New York Packet, and The Daily Advertiser by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under...
Written by Andy Williams
Biographical Highlights
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, born...
Written by Madeline Berry
Definition
Mountaintop Removal (MTR) is a very effective form of coal mining. Conventional coal mining involved miners tunneling underground...
Written by Jennifer Donley Convey
Definition
The Public Welfare Foundation (PWF) is a private grant-making organization based in Washington, DC. Founded in 1947 by newspaper magnate Charles Marsh, the foundation has been a leader in the...
Written by Jeremy Morse
Definition
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is the name given to the 2011 nonviolent protest movement organized to address the perceived inequalities of the US financial system following the recession of 2007-2010. The invitation to...